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In Port Antonio again today.  Overall my experience at this site has been much less busy than at Annotto Bay or Port Maria. It is a 2 hour drive from the resort so usually by the time we arrive it is around 10am, and ward rounds are generally over. I find that we don’t get many patients (max 1 or 2 each week) by the referral appointment system here so I end up spending most of my day in the A&E, which is still quite enjoyable.  And Port Antonio always signals the beginning of weekends with family, so really no complaints whatsoever. One thing struck me today, which I hadn’t taken much notice of in the past 3 weeks.  In my entire time here I don’t think I have used standard English in more than a handful of my conversations with patients. Occasionally I find myself starting off in English and then subconsciously lapsing into Patois, when I truly need to make myself understood.  The same goes for my interaction with almost all of the Jamaican staff too – nurses, other doctors, drivers, people at the resort, everyone.  Its quite refreshing and relaxing for me, but I am curious as to what it is like for non-Jamaicans who volunteer. Communication of basic concepts in English would certainly not be a problem, but I wonder how many of the nuances and subtleties of patients’ stories get lost in translation. It makes me wonder what gets said and understood and even more importantly what is left unsaid and goes unnoticed. RH

Newborn clinic at Annotto Bay is no joke.  There were definitely a LOT of patients to be seen today. It still amazes me how these mothers wait for hours before being seen, some of them essentially spending the whole day! Anyway, between newborn clinic and the A&E, I barely made it back to the resort in time for my birthday dinner reservation at Eight Rivers (one of the fancier restaurants here). I was so tired I was almost tempted to just skip dinner and go to bed. But you only get a birthday once a year after all, so I went.  And it was absolutely delicious.  I even got my own little personalized dessert with my name on it and a bunch of staff members singing me happy birthday!!  Hurray!! I will say that one of the oddest things so far has been the experience of being here alone. It is probably one of the few things I would change about the rotation.  Everything at Couples is designed for … well either two people, or multiples of two.  I would definitely recommend volunteering with a buddy, or ensuring somehow that there are two people working the month you are here.  Having someone to talk to definitely beats reading a book to keep oneself occupied during dinner. But on the plus side, I get to read a book for fun, which I haven’t been able to do for a while, and either way, it continues to be a great experience.  🙂 RH

Today was ward rounds at Annotto Bay, which was an excellent learning experience. Typically the morning on the ward is a combination of “ward reviews” which is a brief follow up visit for (mostly) recently discharged patients who need a sooner follow up than the next available clinic date. I was able to see a baby that I had admitted for dehydration and failure to regain birthweight on my very first day of work. He was discharged a few days ago and is doing great now, has surpassed birthweight and is feeding well – I’m so happy about that! The remainder of the morning is spent discussing patients currently admitted to the ward. I never realized how much I enjoyed the whole process of reviewing management and differential diagnoses and now I realize how much more important this process becomes in a setting such as this where management decisions are largely based on your clinical judgment and a limited number of available tests.  There are quite a few patients currently admitted, most of them neonates, and quite a few admitted for jaundice.  The management of neonatal jaundice here is an interesting mix of some quite familiar therapies mixed in with some (such as giving phenobarbital and albumin) that I had never heard of, but when explained, made intuitive sense.  There is no universal bilirubin screening for newborns here and so only babies with clinical concern for jaundice end up getting a level. Even with mild jaundice, mothers are sometimes encouraged to expose the babies to sunlight and advised to return to care if jaundice does not improve. Here in Annotto Bay there is the capability for phototherapy as well as exchange transfusion if the need arises. Overall a great day, and definitely the most “academic” day so far, which is a nice contrast to the constant buzz of the clinic setting. RH

Today was my first day of work, which was at Annotto Bay Hospital. To say I got thrown right in would be nothing short of a gross understatement, but I somehow managed to get a handle on what I was supposed to be doing by the end of the day. Today was a chronic disease follow up clinic, so I saw a mix of patients with asthma, sickle cell, epilepsy,G6PD deficiency, Trisomy 21 and a few ex-premies  – quite an impressive range, actually. I was pretty excited to see the sickle cell patients, particularly because I plan to pursue subspecialty training in pediatric hematology/oncology.  (Not so) fun fact: there are no pediatric heme/onc physicians in the entire island of Jamaica. As hard as it is to imagine there being zero, it is equally difficult for me to imagine what it would be like to be the only one. Peds heme/onc was certainly not designed to be practiced in isolation, and the extremely cooperative culture is one of the reasons I am drawn to it. So what exactly happens here?  Turns out oncology patients are treated at Bustamante Children’s Hospital in consultation with physicians from St. Jude’s for protocols and such. Hematology wise, there is a Sickle Cell Unit at the University Hospital of the West Indies that will see patients for initial consultations, for vaccines such as Pneumovax, and for management of complicated cases. However both of these institutions are in Kingston, which means often significant transportation costs for patients’ families.  So the majority of heme care takes place in clinics like the one at Annotto Bay. The patients I saw with sickle cell today brought several issues to my mind, the foremost being the lack of universal newborn screening for the disease. Given the prevalence of the sickle trait in Jamaica (1 in 10 persons), about  1 in 150 newborns will have some form of sickle cell disease.* From what I can gather, only babies born at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Victoria Jubilee and Spanish Town Hospitals get their cord blood screened for SCD. All patients that I saw today were diagnosed after some acute illness that unveiled their SCD. The first was an 11 year old boy carrying a presumptive diagnosis of SCD (in addition to his diagnosis of asthma) after CBC on an admission for respiratory distress showed Hb 5.8 and subsequent sickle screen was positive. Another was a 3 year old girl diagnosed after an episode of splenic sequestration and yet another was an 8 year old boy who presented with abdominal pain, and had an appendectomy.  His appendix was not inflamed after removal  and subsequent testing showed HbSS, so it was likely abdominal VOC all along! Overall it was a tough but exhilarating first day.  I think my favorite moment was when the dad of the 3 year old (the only dad I saw in clinic today) showed me how he palpates his daughter’s spleen, and he was spot on!  Yes, yes, yes – for so many reasons! RH *  Info from  http://www.sicklecelltrustjamaica.com/